In the mean time, a previous study in Taiwan demonstrated that no significant association with cigarette smoking was detected in male patients (29). demonstrated that this symptoms of eyelid swelling, ophthalmodynia, photophobia, lacrimation and diplopia, and visual acuity, ocular motility, proptosis and clinical activity score (CAS) indices were all significantly improved after IVMP therapy. In addition, analysis of covariance exhibited that alterations in the levels of serum TRAb during the course of treatment were associated with CAS of TAO, whereas the switch in serum sICAM-1 was not. In conclusion, high-dose IVMP therapy is an effective, safe, stable and well-tolerated treatment for TAO, which is usually associated with rare, minor adverse effects. Furthermore, serum TRAb levels are correlated with the CAS of TAO and may serve as a predictor of the response to methylprednisolone therapy. (12) and consists of 10 items. These are the following: a painful, oppressive feeling on or behind the globe; pain on attempting an up, side or down gaze; redness of the eyelids; diffuse redness of the conjuctiva; chemosis; swollen caruncle; oedema of the eyelid(s); increase of proptosis by 2 mm during a period between 1 and 3 months; decrease in visual acuity of one or more occasions around the Snellen chart during 1 and 3 months and a decrease in vision movements in any direction 5 during a period between 1 and 3 months. TAO is usually defined as active vision disease when CAS is usually 4, normally it is classified as inactive vision disease. Moderate-to-severe TAO has a sufficient impact on the daily life of patients, including any one or more of the following symptoms: Lid retraction 2 mm, moderate or severe soft tissue involvement, exophthalmos 3 mm above normal for race and gender and inconstant or constant diplopia (6). Patients A total of 73 patients who suffered Cyclandelate from moderately-to-severely active TAO were recruited for the present study. A total of 15 patients were not included. Three patients with severe phthisis or hepatitis were excluded prior to enrollment and five patients were lost during follow-up. Two patients received oral glucocorticoids during the course of high-dose IVMP therapy. One individual only underwent one cycle of IVMP therapy due to a relapse of hepatitis, and four patients received other treatment after IVMP therapy, including retrobulbar injection of triamcinolone acetonide (n=2), surgery (n=2) MDK and 99Tc-MDP therapy (n=2). The remaining 58 patients received high-dose IVMP therapy, and six participants underwent subsequent orbital irradiation after high-dose IVMP therapy due to unsatisfying effects. The levels of serum TRAb and sICAM-1 were evaluated in 23 patients who received three cycles of pulse therapy. Follow-up was conducted for 12C57 months after the therapy, with a mean of 28.4 months. A summary of the clinical characteristics of the patients is shown in Table I. Table I. Baseline characteristics of the 58 patients enrolled in the present study. (19) conducted a case-control study with 39 Japanese patients in which the first 20 patients underwent high-dose IVMP therapy followed by 24-Gy orbital radiotherapy and the remaining 19 patients only received high-dose IVMP therapy. No significant difference was detected between the two groups; suggesting that the addition of 24 Gy irradiation to IV prednisolone had no extra therapeutic benefit. In addition, the radiation may have caused radiation optic neuropathy if the cumulative dose of radiation exceeded 50 Gy or Cyclandelate if radiation fractions of 2 Gy were used (20). In a survey, 91% of the responding members of the European Thyroid Association indicated that they would treat an index patient who had active and severe TAO with glucocorticoids, and 71% would immediately start with IV glucocorticoids (21). Similarly, 58% of the responding Latin-American thyroidologists would administer IV glucocorticoids (22). The short-and long-term effects of IVMP therapy were investigated in the present report, indicating the superiority of the present study over previous studies (17,18). The findings of the present study suggested that the symptoms of patients with moderately to severely active TAO may be improved or cured through IVMP therapy and that the curative effect is stable over time. It was also demonstrated that some symptoms, including diplopia, visual acuity, ocular motility and proptosis, may continue to improve with.In addition, analysis of covariance demonstrated that alterations in the levels of serum TRAb during the course of treatment were associated with CAS of TAO, whereas the change in serum sICAM-1 was not. evaluated in 23 patients with TAO via a competitive radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The results of the present study demonstrated that the symptoms of eyelid swelling, ophthalmodynia, photophobia, lacrimation and diplopia, and visual acuity, ocular motility, proptosis and clinical activity score (CAS) indices were all significantly improved after IVMP therapy. In addition, analysis of covariance demonstrated that alterations in the levels of serum TRAb during the course of treatment were associated with CAS of TAO, whereas the change in serum sICAM-1 was not. In conclusion, high-dose IVMP therapy is an effective, safe, stable and well-tolerated treatment for TAO, which is associated with rare, minor adverse effects. Furthermore, serum TRAb levels are correlated with the CAS of TAO and may serve as a predictor of the response to methylprednisolone therapy. (12) and consists of 10 items. These are the following: a painful, oppressive feeling on or behind the globe; pain on attempting an up, side or down gaze; redness of the eyelids; diffuse redness of the conjuctiva; chemosis; swollen caruncle; oedema of the eyelid(s); increase of proptosis by 2 mm during a period between 1 and 3 months; decrease Cyclandelate in visual acuity of one or more times on the Snellen chart during 1 and 3 months and a decrease in eye movements in any direction 5 during a period between 1 and 3 months. TAO is defined as active eye disease when CAS is 4, otherwise it is classified as inactive eye disease. Moderate-to-severe TAO has a sufficient impact on the daily life of patients, including any one or more of the following symptoms: Lid retraction 2 mm, moderate or severe soft tissue involvement, exophthalmos 3 mm above normal for race and gender and inconstant or constant diplopia (6). Patients A total of 73 patients who suffered from moderately-to-severely active TAO were recruited for the present study. A total of 15 patients were not included. Three patients with serious phthisis or hepatitis were excluded prior to enrollment and five patients were lost during follow-up. Two patients received oral glucocorticoids during the course of high-dose IVMP therapy. One patient only underwent one cycle of IVMP therapy due to a relapse of hepatitis, and four patients received other treatment after IVMP therapy, including retrobulbar injection of triamcinolone acetonide (n=2), surgery (n=2) and 99Tc-MDP therapy (n=2). The remaining 58 patients received high-dose IVMP therapy, and six participants underwent subsequent orbital irradiation after high-dose IVMP therapy due to unsatisfying effects. The levels of serum TRAb and sICAM-1 were evaluated in 23 patients who received three cycles of pulse therapy. Follow-up was conducted for 12C57 months after the therapy, with a mean of 28.4 months. A summary of the clinical characteristics of the patients is shown in Table I. Table I. Baseline characteristics of the 58 patients enrolled in the present study. (19) conducted a case-control study with 39 Japanese patients in which the first 20 patients underwent high-dose IVMP therapy followed by 24-Gy orbital radiotherapy and the remaining 19 patients only received high-dose IVMP therapy. No significant difference was detected between the two groups; suggesting that the addition of 24 Gy irradiation to IV prednisolone had no extra therapeutic benefit. In addition, the radiation may have caused radiation optic neuropathy if the cumulative dose of radiation exceeded 50 Gy or if radiation fractions of 2 Gy were used (20). In a survey, 91% of the responding members of the European Thyroid Association indicated that they would treat an index patient who had active and severe TAO with glucocorticoids, and 71% would immediately start with IV glucocorticoids (21). Similarly, 58% of the responding Latin-American thyroidologists would Cyclandelate administer IV glucocorticoids (22). The short-and long-term effects of IVMP therapy were investigated in the present report, indicating the superiority of the present study over previous studies (17,18). The findings of the present.

In the mean time, a previous study in Taiwan demonstrated that no significant association with cigarette smoking was detected in male patients (29)